C Language

 C Language

C is a structured programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories in 1972. Since C is a structured programming language, a program in C language can be divided into small logical and functional modules. C++ language is an expanded version of C.

Character set:

The character set consists of alphabet, digit or special symbols used to response information.

Character sets used in C

Alphabet

Uppercase ( ie A, B..............Z)

Lowercase ( ie a, b ................z)

Digits

0, 1, 2 ................... 8, 9

Special symbols

+, -, *, ( ) , etc.

Characteristics of C Language

  • It is a small programming language that consumes less space.
  • It has enough number of inbuilt functions and operators.

 

Keyword:

The character set consists of alphabet, digit or special symbols used to response information.
There are 32 characters in C:
Auto, If, While, For, Int, float. etc.

Data type:

Data type refers to the type of data or variable which is to be stored and used in the program.
List of data types

  • Integer (int) = 2 bytes
  • character (char) = 1 byte
  • float (float) = 4 bytes
  • double (long integer) = 8 bytes

 

Difference between QBASIC and C-Language

Q-BASIC

C- Language

It is a high level language without feature of low level language.

It is high level language with some features of low level language.

It is mostly used for designing application software.

It is mostly used for designing system software.

 

Operators

Operators are the symbols which are used to compute values and test multiple operations. The data on which the operators are performed are known as operands.

Types of operator

  • Arithmetic operator: The operators which perform mathematical expressions like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
  • Relational operator: Relational operators are symbols used to compare two different expressions. The result of the comparison is either True or False.
  • Logical operator: Logical operators performs tests on multiple relation. Example: A < B and A > B
  • Unary operator: C also supports two very important operators called increment and decrement operators.

 

Loop

A loop causes a section of a program to be repeated a certain number of times. The repetition continues while the condition set for it remains true. When the condition becomes false, the loop ends the control is passed to the statement following the loop.

Variable

Those value which changes during program execution is called variable.Example: A = 5 where A is a variable

Constant

Those values which can't change during the program execution is called constant. Example: A = 10 where 10 is a constant

Rule for naming variables in C

  • Space is not allowed in variable name.
  • Both upper and lower case letters are permitted.

Printf: This statement is used to display the message on the screen.
Scarf: This statement is used to accept a value.

Control structure of c

Branching with if

syntax:

if (condition)
{
statement;
}
else if (condition)
{
statements;
}
..............
else
{
statements
}

Example

/*check if the given number is positive, negative or zero*/

#include
main()
{
int h;
system("cls");
printf("Enter an integer;");
scanf("%d", &h);
if(h>0)
Printf("The number is positive");
else if(h=0)
printf("The number is zero");
else
printf("The number is negative");

For control

syntax:

for(initialize, condition, increment)
{
statement block
}

Example

#include
main()
{
int x;
for(x=1;x<=10;x++)
{
printf("%d\n",x);
}

While control

syntax

while(condition)
{
statement block
}

Example:

#include
main()
{
int x;
x=1;
while(x<=10)
{
printf("%d\n",x);
x++;
}

Do control

syntax

do
{
statement block;
}while(condition)

Example:

#include
main()
{
int x; sum=0;
do
{
printf("enter number");
scanf("%d",&x);
sum=sum+x;
}
while(x!=0);
{
printf("The sum of entered numbers:%d",sum);
}

 


Sample C Program
1. write a c program to display odd number from 1 to 20 with their sum.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int sum = 0;
    printf("Odd numbers from 1 to 20 are:\n");
    for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++)
{
        if (i % 2 != 0)
 { 
            printf("%d ", i);
            sum += i; 
        }
    }
    printf("\nSum of odd numbers from 1 to 20: %d\n", sum);
 
    return 0;
}
 2. write a c program to display number from 1 to 20.
int main()
{
       for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++)
    {
        printf("%d ", i);
    }
    return 0;
}
 
3. write a c program to input two different number and display greatest.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int num1, num2;
    printf("Enter the first number: ");
    scanf("%d", &num1);
    printf("Enter the second number: ");
    scanf("%d", &num2);
    if (num1 > num2)
    {
        printf("The greatest number is: %d\n", num1);
    }
    else
        {
        printf("The greatest number is: %d\n", num2);
    }
 
    return 0;
}
 
 
4. write a c program to input three different number and display greatest.
 
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int num1, num2, num3;
    printf("Enter the first number: ");
    scanf("%d", &num1);
    printf("Enter the second number: ");
    scanf("%d", &num2);
    printf("Enter the third number: ");
    scanf("%d", &num3);
    if (num1 > num2 && num1 > num3)
    {
        printf("The greatest number is: %d\n", num1);
    }
    else if (num2 > num1 && num2 > num3)
    {
        printf("The greatest number is: %d\n", num2);
    }
    else
    {
        printf("The greatest number is: %d\n", num3);
    }
 
    return 0;
}
 
5. write a c program to input temperature in Celsius and convert it into Fahrenheit
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    float celsius, fahrenheit;
    printf("Enter temperature in Celsius: ");
    scanf("%f", &celsius);
    fahrenheit = (celsius * 9/5) + 32;
 
    printf("Temperature in Fahrenheit: %.2f\n", fahrenheit);
    return 0;
}
 
6. write a c program to input temperature in Fahrenheit and convert it into Celsius.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    float fahrenheit, celsius;
    printf("Enter temperature in Fahrenheit: ");
    scanf("%f", &fahrenheit);
    celsius = (fahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9;
    printf("Temperature in Celsius: %.2f\n", celsius);
    return 0;
}
 
7. write a c program to input two different number and display smallest.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int num1, num2, smallest;
    printf("Enter the first number: ");
    scanf("%d", &num1);
    printf("Enter the second number: ");
    scanf("%d", &num2);
    if (num1 < num2) {
        smallest = num1;
    } else {
        smallest = num2;
    }
    printf("The smallest number is: %d\n", smallest);
    return 0;
}
8. write a c program to input three different number and display smallest.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int num1, num2, num3, smallest;
    printf("Enter the first number: ");
    scanf("%d", &num1);
 
    printf("Enter the second number: ");
    scanf("%d", &num2);
 
    printf("Enter the third number: ");
    scanf("%d", &num3);
 
    if (num1 < num2 && num1 < num3)
 {
        smallest = num1;
    }
 else if (num2 < num1 && num2 < num3)
{
        smallest = num2;
    }
 else
{
        smallest = num3;
    }
    printf("The smallest number is: %d\n", smallest);
    return 0;
}
 
9.  write a c program to input three different number and display middle number.
 
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int num1, num2, num3, middle;
   printf("Enter the first number: ");
    scanf("%d", &num1);
    printf("Enter the second number: ");
    scanf("%d", &num2);
    printf("Enter the third number: ");
    scanf("%d", &num3);
    if ((num1 > num2 && num1 < num3) || (num1 < num2 && num1 > num3))
{
        middle = num1;
    }
 else if ((num2 > num1 && num2 < num3) || (num2 < num1 && num2 > num3))
{
        middle = num2;
    }
else
 {
        middle = num3;
    }
    printf("The middle number is: %d\n", middle);
    return 0;
}
 
11. write a c program to display number in following Fibonacci series.
 1, 1,2,3,5,8,13,......10th term.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int n = 10;
    int a = 1, b = 1, c;
    printf("%d, %d", a, b);
    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {
        c = a + b;
        printf(", %d", c);
        a = b;
        b = c;  
    }
 
    printf("\n");
    return 0;
}
 
12. write a c program to input principal time rate and calculate simple interest and total amount.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    float p, t, r, si, ta;
    printf("Enter the principal amount: ");
    scanf("%f", &p);
 
    printf("Enter the time (in years): ");
    scanf("%f", &t);
 
    printf("Enter the rate of interest (in percentage): ");
    scanf("%f", &r);
    si = (p * t * r) / 100;
 
    ta = p + si;
    printf("Simple Interest: %.2f\n", si);
    printf("Total Amount: %.2f\n", ta);
    return 0;
}
 
13. Write a program using C lan age to generate the first 25 even numbers between 100 and 200.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
 {
int i, count = 0;
printf("The first 25 even numbers between 100 and 200 are:\n");
for (i= 100; count < 25; i += 2)
{
printf("%d ", i);
count++;
}
 
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
 
14. Write a program using C language to input an integer then check whether the integer is even or odd.
#include<stdio.h>
 #include<conio.h>
 int main()
{
int n;
printf("Enter any number: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
if(n%2==0)
printf("%d is even number", n);
else
printf("%d is odd number", n);
 return 0;
}
 
15. Write a program in 'C' language to check whether the supplied number is divisible by 5 or not.
 
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a;
printf("Enter any number");
scanf("%d", &a);
if (a % 5 == 0)
{
printf("It is Divisible by 5");
}
else
{
printf("It is not Divisible by 5");
}
getch( );
}
16. To check input number is prime or composite.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
 
 int n,i,c=0;
 printf ("Type any number ");
 scanf ("%d",&n);
 for (i=2;i<=n-1;i++)
 {
 if(n%i==0) c++;
 }
 if (c==0)
 printf("The number is prime. ");
 else
 printf("The number iscomposite. ");
 return 0;
}
 
 
17.Write a C program to input multi digit number and display its sum.
[hint 457 = 4+5+7 = 16]
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
 int n,r,s=0;
 clrscr();
 printf("Type any one integer ");
 scanf("%d",&n);
 while (n!=0)
 {
 r=n%10;
 s=s+r;
 n=n/10;
 }
 printf("Sum of individual digits= %d",s);
 getch();
}
 
18. Write a c program that asks length & breadth of a room and calculates its area and perimeter.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    float length, breadth, area, perimeter;
    // Input length and breadth of the room
    printf("Enter the length of the room: ");
    scanf("%f", &length);
 
    printf("Enter the breadth of the room: ");
    scanf("%f", &breadth);
 
    area = length * breadth;
    perimeter = 2 * (length + breadth);
    printf("Area of the room: %.2f square units\n", area);
    printf("Perimeter of the room: %.2f units\n", perimeter);
    return 0;
}
 
19. Write a C program that asks any one integer and displays its reverse.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int num, reverse = 0, remainder;
    printf("Enter an integer: ");
    scanf("%d", &num);
    while (num != 0)
 {
        remainder = num % 10;        
        reverse = reverse * 10 + remainder; 
        num /= 10;                     
    }
    printf("Reversed number: %d\n", reverse);
    return 0;
}
 
20.  Write a C program to display Series 1 2 4 8 ... upto 10th terms.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
 clrscr();
 int n=1,c;
 for (c=1;c<=10;c++)
 {
 printf ("%d ",n);
 n=n*2;
 }
 getch();
}
 
21. Write a c program to input marks obtain in your one subject and check whether you are pass or fail.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
 int a;
 clrscr();
 printf ("Type your marks ");
 scanf ("%d",&a);
 if(a>=40)
 {
 printf ("You are Pass");
 }
 else
 {
 printf ("You are Fail");
 }
 getch();
}
 
22. Write a C program to Calculate area and volume of a room.
 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
 clrscr();
 int l,b,h,a,v;
 printf ("Type length, breadth and
height ");
 scanf ("%d%d%d",&l,&b,&h);
 a=l*b;
 v=l*b*h;
 printf("\nArea=%d",a);
 printf ("\nVolume=%d",v);
 getch();
}

 #include <stdio.h>

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