Computer Network and Telecommunication chapter 1

Network and Telecommunicationchapter-1 

1. What is communication?

The process of transferring data or information between computers is known 

as communication.

2. What is telecommunication?

The communication transferring of data and information over significant 

distance is known as telecommunication.

3. What is computer network? List any two advantages and 

disadvantage of it. 

Computer network is a group of interconnected computer through 

transmission media in order to communicate and share resource like 

hardware, data and software.

Advantage

a. Sharing of hardware devices such as printer, hard disks, CD/DVD drives 

etc.

b. Easy and fast communication. c. Security and fast reliability. 

Disadvantage

a. Data and information may be stolen by computer hackers if the security 

of network is not reliable. b. Spreading of computer virus.

c. Computer on the network has depended on the server computer for 

resources.

4. Define bandwidth?

The amount of data transmitted per second through the communication 

channel.

More amounts of data can be transmitted through a high bandwidth 

(broadband) channel and less amount data transmits through narrow band 

channel.

5. What is Simplex, Half duplex and full duplex?

Simplex: The mode of transmission of data that can take place only one 

direction is known as simplex mode. eg Television, Radio Newspaper etc

Half duplex: The mode of transmission of data that can be transmitted in 

both directions, but only in one direction at a time is known as half duplex. 

eg walky-talky.

Full duplex: The mode of transmission that can transmit data in both 

directions at a time simultaneously is known as Full duplex. eg Telephone.

6. Define Communication medium and its type?

A communication medium is the path through which data, information and 

file transfer from one computer to another computer in the form of electric 

signal.

There are two main type of communication channel. They are

a. Guided/ Bounded Transmission media 

b. Unguided/ Unbounded Transmission media

7. What is network topology? List the name of three different 

topology.

It can be define as the physical layout of cabling for connecting computer 

and other network devices on the network.

There are three basic network topologies they are:

a. Bus topology 

b. Ring topology 

c. Star topology

 Bus topology:

In a bus topology, all nodes are connected to a common cable in the linear 

format. The common cable is known as bus or trunk.

Advantage of bus topology

a. It is easy to setup.

b. Failure of one workstation does not affect other computer on the network.

Disadvantage of bus topology

a. The entire network does not work if there is problem in any segment of 

network bus.

b. It is difficult to find fault on this topology.

 Ring Topology:

In a ring topology all the nodes are connected in a closed loop or ring 

topology, since the end of the network are connected together to form a 

closed loop or ring. 

Advantage of Ring topology

a. It is easy to setup

b. Data travel in one direction high speed of transmission of data is possible.

Disadvantage of Ring topology

a. The entire network does not work if any segment of cable or node fails.

b. It is difficult to find error on the ring topology.

 Star topology:

In a star topology, all computers and other devices are connected through a 

central devices called hub or switch in the shape of a star structure.

Advantage of star topology

a. A node can be added or removed from the network without disturbing the 

entire network.

b. It is easy to find the fault on the star topology.

Disadvantage of star topology

a. The entire network system depend on star topology depend upon the 

central hub/ switch, the failure of the hub/switch affect the entire network.

b. It is expensive because it requires more cable.

Unguided/ Unbounded Transmission 

1. Transmission media where data signal are transmitted along a  specific path through cable is known as guided transmission media.

2. Radio wave, Infrared, Microwave, media are eg of unguided media.

Guided/ Bounded Transmission media

1. Transmission media where data signal are transmitted along a specific path through air is known as guided transmission media.

2 Coaxial cable, Twisted pair able, fiber optic cable Etc are use For transferring data.

8. What is network protocol? List some common network protocol.

Protocols are set of rules or languages that the computer uses on the 

network to communication and exchange data with each other.

Some common protocols are

TCP/IP Transmission control protocols / internet protocols

FTP File transfer protocol

HTTP Hyper text transfer protocol

SMPT Simple mail transfer protocol

POP Post office Protocol

9. Differentiate between Client Server network model and peer to peer network model.

Client Server network model 

1. Client-server network model is a network model where there is at least one server and one or more 

workstation. The client-server network model is also known as Domain model.

2. In this model all right are with only server computer.

Peer to peer network model.

1. Peer to Peer network model is a network model where there are two of more client computer and no server. This type of model is also known as workgroup model.

2. There is no any computer the model which control and manage other computer on the network.

10. List any two advantage and disadvantage of client-server network 

Advantage

a. Only the authorized person can access the resources of network.

b. It is more secured than peer to peer network

c. The required application programs can be installed on the server computer instead of installing on individual workstation.

Disadvantage

a. It is difficult to setup 

b. A trained network administrator is required to handle the model.

c. For resource depend upon the server computer.

Peer to peer network model

Advantage

a. It is easy to setup than client- server network model.

b. Each computer on the network can determine resources to be 

shared among other computer.

Disadvantage

a. It has low level security.

b. The required data and software need to be installed on 

individual computer.

11. “Computer network reduce the cost” justify this statement.

Computer network enables information sharing, hardware and software sharing and provides centralized administration and support. Thus ,many resources like information , hardware, software or any other related items can be shared with each other without having to buy new one .for example if any offices has 100 computers under network system in four storey’s, and they may need 4 printers one in each floor . And also they can share other devices like CD ROM DRIVE, scanner etc. therefore, it is true that computer network reduce the cost of operation.

12. What is NOS? Writes some feature.

It is the group of program that manages the resource on the network. Novel 

Netware, Window NT Linux are eg of it.

a. More security

b. Multi-user multitasking process

c. Easy to sharing resources

d. High speed transmission rate.

13. What do you mean by communication media? List out the three basic types of cable used in network?

Communication media refers to the physical mode of connection needed for data transmission

The basic three types of cable used in computer network are as follows:

a. Twisted pair cable : it consist of four pairs of copper wires twisted together 

in an insulated cable, to reduced the noise or distortion

b. Coaxial cable: it is also called coax .it is rounded ,flexible two conductor 

cable consisting of a copper wire, a layer of protective insulation ,a braided 

metal mesh slave , and an outer shield or, jacket of polyvinyl chloride 

c. Fiber optic cable: it is a thin strand of glass wrapped in a protective jacket 

that transmits pulsating beam of light. it required converter to convert 

original message signal into light signal and data will be transited in the 

form of light.

14. What are the services provided by computer network?

1. File services 2. Print services 3. Database services 4. Application services 5. Messages services

15. Write short notes on:

LAN

LAN is a networks of computers that covers relatively small geographically area. It consists of just two or more personal computers connected together by a cable, an infrared channel or a small Radio transmitter. 

The major benefit of a LAN is that it can reduce cost by allowing people and computers to share expensive resource 

MAN 

MAN is a network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by a large LAN but smaller the area covered by a WIDE AREA Network.

WAN

It is a telecommunication network, usually used for connecting computers ,that spans a wide geographically area .WANs can be used to connects cities ,state ,or even countries .Typically ,it will employ communications circuit such s long distance telephone wires ,microwaves and satellites. The internet is the single largest global wide area network.

16. What is VPN?

VPN means Virtual Private Network, a technology that allows a secure tunnel to be created across a network such as the Internet. For example, VPNs allow you to establish a secure dialup connection to a remote server.

NETWORKING AND TELECOMMUNICATION

TECHNICAL TERMS

1. Sending and receiving information between two or more persons. 

👉Communication

2. A system of transmission of sounds, images, texts or data in the form of electronic signals.

 👉Telecommunication

3. Group of computers that can shares same resources. 

👉Computer network

4. The formal description of message formats and the rules that two or more machines must follow to exchange those messages. 

👉Network protocol

5. A set of rules or procedures for transmitting data between electronic devices, such as computers. 

👉Protocol

6. Formal set of rules that govern the exchange of information in a network.

👉Protocol

7. The amount of data transmitted per second through a communication channels. 

👉Bandwidth

8. Number of bits transferred per second using network medium. 

👉Bandwidth

9. A network model in which resource sharing, processing and communications control are completely decentralized. 

👉Peer-to-peer network

10. Network in which every computer act as both client and server. 

👉Peer-to peer network

11. The network models where there is at least one server. 

👉Client/server network

12. A path through data is transmitted from one computer to another.

👉Transmission media

13. Cable lines through which data flows in a specified path. 

👉Bounded medium

14. The data or signals transmitted through air in the communication. 

👉Unbounded Medium

15. The internal interference produces by the adjacent pairs of twisted pair cable. 

👉Crosstalk

16. A transmission medium through which data are transmitted in the form of light. 

👉Fiber optics

17. A network of computers in a room, building or campus. 

👉LAN

18. A network which uses bounded media. 

👉LAN

19. A large computer network that spans a metropolitan area or campus. 

👉MAN

20. A network of computers formed by using unguided media. 

👉WAN

21. A network of computers that covers whole world. 

👉WAN

22. Cabling structure of LAN. 

👉Topology

23. Physical layout of network. 

👉Topology

24. The arrangement or connection patterns of computers or nodes and other devices of the network.

 👉Topology

25. LAN topology where computers are arranged in a liner format. 

👉Bus topology

26. A network topology in which network nodes are arranged in a linear format with each node connected directly to the network cable with a T-connector or tap. 

👉Bus topology

27. The cabling pattern of computers where each computer is connected to a common cable in the linear format. 

👉Bus topology

28. The cabling pattern of computers where all the nodes are connected in a closed loop. 

👉Ring topology

29. Another name of loop technology. 

👉Ring topology

30. The cabling pattern of computers where each node is individually connected to a centrally located device. 

👉Star topology

31. A network structure where all computers on the network are connected through a centrally located device. 

👉Star topology

32. Hub or switch based network topology. 

👉Star topology

33. A device that joins cables or a cable to a device. 

👉Connector

34. A computer circuit board or card designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network. 

👉NIC

35. A computer on a network.

👉 Node

36. A group of computers that functions both as a client and a server. 

👉Peer

37. The computer that acts the central authority on a network. 

👉Server

38. The main computer in the computer network. 

👉Server

39. A computer in a network which can provide services to other computer.

👉Server

40. A computer on the network that provides resources but does not allows a client to use it as a workstation. 

👉 Dedicated server

41. A computer on the network that provides resources but allows a client to use it as workstation. 

👉Non-dedicated server

42. A computer on the network that uses resources of the network.

👉Workstation

43. A hardware device that provides common wiring point in LAN. 

👉Hub

44. A network device that retransmits signals to all nodes on the network. 

👉Hub

45. A multi-port repeater. 

👉Hub

46. Device to amplify or regenerate digital signal received. 

👉Repeater

47. A network device that retransmits signal to a destination node on the network. 

👉Repeater

48. A network device that regenerates or amplifies signals. 

👉Repeater

49. A device which boosts the strength of the received signal and re transmit it.

👉Repeater

50. A network device that connects the segments of the same or different network having same protocol. 

👉Bridge

51. A network device that joins segments of a network. 

👉Bridge

52. A device that forwards signals between networks. 

👉Router

53. A device that forwards signals between networks in network traffic. 

👉Router

54. An intelligent device that connects two different networks. 

👉Router

55. A hardware device that uses its intelligence to find the path in computer network. 

👉Router

56. A device, software or a system that converts data between dissimilar networks with different protocols. 

👉Gateway

57. A network device that makes communication between two different networks having different protocols. 

👉Gateway

58. A device that connects two dissimilar networks.

👉 Gateway

59. An operating system used in a server computer.

👉 Network Operating System

60. A program that controls the functionality of the hardware device. 

👉Device Driver

61. Protocol that used to connect on internet. 

👉TCP/IP